第一,HLA 相合仍可能發生 GVHD。HLA 只決定展示架的形狀,但不同人的其他蛋白質本來就有些微差異,這些差異的胜肽(稱為次要組織相容性抗原)同樣會被形狀相同的展示架展示出來。供者的 T 細胞認得這些差異,就可能產生反應。例如女性供者的 T 細胞,可能辨識男性受贈者身上由 Y 染色體基因產生的胜肽。
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